Aircraft.org

Aircraft

Aircraft

Aircraft fall into two categories: lighter-than-air (aerostats), and heavier-than-air (aerodynes).

Business jet, private jet or, colloquially, bizjet is a term describing a jet aircraft, usually of smaller size, designed for transporting groups of business people. Business jets may be adapted for other roles, such as the evacuation of casualties or express parcel deliveries, and a few may be used by public bodies, governments or the armed forces. The more formal terms of corporate jet, executive jet, VIP transport or business jet tend to be used by the firms that build, sell, buy and charter these aircraft.

Airbus

* Airbus A319CJ

Boeing

* Boeing Business Jet

Bombardier

* Learjet 23
* Learjet 24
* Learjet 25
* Learjet 28
* Learjet 29
* Learjet 31
* Learjet 35
* Learjet 36
* Learjet 40
* Learjet 45
* Learjet 55
* Learjet 60
* Learjet 85
* Challenger 300
* Challenger 600
* Challenger 601
* Challenger 604
* Challenger 605
* Challenger 800
* Challenger 850
* Global 5000
* Global Express
* Global Express XRS

British Aerospace (formerly Hawker Siddeley)

* British Aerospace BAe 125

Cessna

* 500 Citation I
* 501 Citation I/SP
* 510 Citation Mustang
* 525 CitationJet CJ1
* 525 CitationJet CJ1+
* 525A CitationJet CJ2
* 525A CitationJet CJ2+
* 525B CitationJet CJ3
* 525C CitationJet CJ4
* 550 Citation II
* 551 Citation II/SP
* S550 Citation S/II
* 550 Citation Bravo
* 560 Citation V
* 560 Citation Ultra
* 560 Citation Encore
* 560 Citation Encore+
* 560 XL Citation Excel
* 560 XL Citation XLS
* 560 XL Citation XLS+
* 650 Citation III
* 650 Citation IV
* 650 Citation VI
* 650 Citation VII
* 680 Citation Sovereign
* 750 Citation X
* 850 Citation Columbus

Dassault

* Falcon 10 and 100
* Falcon 20 and 200
* Falcon 30
* Falcon 50
* Falcon 900
* Falcon 2000
* Falcon 7X

Eclipse Aviation

* Eclipse 500

Embraer

* Embraer Phenom 100
* Embraer Phenom 300
* Embraer Legacy
* Lineage

Grob

* SPn

Gulfstream

* Gulfstream II
* Gulfstream III
* Gulfstream IV
* Gulfstream V
* G100
* G150
* G200
* G300
* G350
* G400
* G450
* G500
* G550
* G650

Hawker Beechcraft

* Beechcraft Premier
* Hawker 400
* Hawker 750
* Hawker 800
* Hawker 850
* Hawker 900
* Hawker 1000
* Hawker 4000

Hamburger Flugzeugbau

* HFB-320 Hansa Jet

Honda Motor Company

* Honda HA-420 HondaJet

Israeli Aircraft Industries

* IAI Astra
* IAI Westwind
* IAI Galaxy

Lockheed

* Lockheed JetStar

North American later Rockwell

* North American Sabreliner

Sino Swearingen

* SJ30-2

Yakovlev

* Yak-40

Some famous civilian aircraft:

Aero Spacelines Super Guppy - Radical cargo aircraft based on the Boeing 377
Airbus A330-300
Airbus A340-600 - World’s longest passenger aircraft
Airbus Beluga - Airbus replacement for the Super Guppy. Based on the A300-600
Airbus A380 - Largest mass-produced aircraft in the world and the highest-capacity passenger aircraft
Antonov An-70 - First large transport aircraft to use propfan engines
Antonov An-124 - The 2nd largest mass-produced aircraft in the world
Antonov An-225 - The largest and heaviest aircraft in the world (max takeoff weight 600t<)
Antonov An-22 - World's largest turboprop-powered airplane
Boeing 314 Clipper - One of the largest flying boats
Boeing 377 Stratocruiser - Large propeller-powered airliner based on the B-50 bomber aircraft
Boeing 747 - The largest jetliner for 35 years
Boeing 747 LCF - Massive Volume for 787 parts transport(65,000 cubic feet)
Boeing 767
Boeing 777 - Largest twin-engined aircraft in the world
Boeing Shuttle Carrier Aircraft - Derivative of the 747, used to transport the Space Shuttle
Bristol Brabazon - Large airliner, size comparable to the Boeing 747
Ilyushin IL-86 - First wide-bodied aircraft produced in the Soviet Union
Ilyushin Il-96
Junkers G.38
Lockheed L-1011 Tristar
McDonnell Douglas DC-10
Saunders-Roe Princess - One of the largest flying-boats ever built
Tupolev Tu-114 - Passenger derivative of the Tu-95

Heavier than air—aerodynes

Heavier-than-air aircraft must find some way to push air or gas downwards, so that a reaction occurs (by Newton’s laws of motion) to push the aircraft upwards. This dynamic movement through the air is the origin of the term aerodyne. There are two ways to produce dynamic upthrust: aerodynamic lift, and powered lift in the form of engine thrust.

Aerodynamic lift is the most common, with aeroplanes being kept in the air by the forward movement of wings, and rotorcraft by spinning wing-shaped rotors sometimes called rotary wings. A wing is a flat, horizontal surface, usually shaped in cross-section as an aerofoil. To fly, the wing must move forwards through the air; this movement of air over the aerofoil shape deflects air downward to create an equal and opposite upward force, called lift, according to Newton’s third law of motion. A flexible wing is a wing made of fabric or thin sheet material, often stretched over a rigid frame. A kite is tethered to the ground and relies on the speed of the wind over its wings, which may be flexible or rigid, fixed or rotary.

With powered lift, the aircraft directs its engine thrust vertically downwards.

The initialism VTOL (vertical take off and landing) is applied to aircraft that can take off and land vertically. Most are rotorcraft. Others, such as the Hawker Siddeley Harrier, take off and land vertically using powered lift and transfer to aerodynamic lift in steady flight. Similarly, STOL stands for short take off and landing. Some VTOL aircraft often operate in a short take off/vertical landing regime known as STOVL.